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States delay Labour rules, firms face hurdles

By Sohail Khan 1 October 2026, 4:45 pm

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Business News›News›India›Employers face compliance hurdles as states delay notification of Labour Code rules

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Employers face compliance hurdles as states delay notification of Labour Code rules
Synopsis

Ten states and union territories have formally adopted some Labour Codes, creating compliance challenges for companies. Major industrial states like Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have delayed notifying rules, causing confusion for employers. Inconsistencies between central and state rules complicate adherence to labour laws.

Only 10 states and UTs have notified rules under the four Labour Codes, creating compliance hurdles for companies operating across locations.<br> — Only 10 states and UTs have notified rules under the four Labour Codes, creating compliance hurdles for companies operating across locations.

New Delhi: Just 10 states and union territories have so far formally adopted at least some of the four Labour Codes by notifying the rules, more than 10 months after the central government implemented the reform, causing compliance hurdles for companies with factories in multiple locations.

Major industrial states including Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Telangana, Haryana and Punjab are taking longer than expected to notify the final rules, leaving employers in a flux over several divergent provisions. HR departments say they now have to navigate Centre–state rules that don’t align, creating inconsistencies in compliance requirements.

For instance, new Labour Codes allow workers to carry forward 30 leaves and encash the remaining. In Maharashtra, meanwhile, the Shops & Establishment Act provides for 45 leaves to be carried forward, with the unused casual leaves getting lapsed.

The labour and employment secretary held meetings with states and union territories to press for the finalisation of the rules. Heads of the central government’s labour bureaus are also pursuing states and UTs for fast-tracking rule notifications.

Experts said absence of unified rules under the four codes will result in implementation challenges for the employers and add to disputes, especially for companies with operations in different states.

“There are multiple instances of variation between central and state labour-related laws, creating a lot of ambiguity and compliance challenges for employers,” said Puneet Gupta, partner, advisory services – tax at EY India, stressing the need for set timelines for the roll-out so that employers have clarity on the key changes under the codes.

“For pan-India employers, the challenge is no longer merely understanding the statutory intent of the codes, but operationalising them across jurisdictions with conflicting shift hours, overtime limits and standing order thresholds,” said Ankita Singh, founder of law firm Sarvaank Associates.

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“Harmonising these state rules quickly is vital, not only to preserve true ease of doing business for multi-state enterprises, but to ensure that statutory wage protections, contract parity, and social security are delivered equally and consistently on the ground,” Singh added.

In the absence of consistency in the rules, employers are in a wait-and-watch mode when it comes to overtime provision, annual health check-ups, appointment letters and other documentation.

Rohit Jain, managing partner at Singhania & Co, said the inconsistency was not confined to a few sectors but was potentially affecting every employer covered by the Labour Codes, as they often require following parallel legacy state laws and the new code framework.

“At any given time, an establishment may only be covered by either the central or state rules for a particular legislation. However, where the appropriate government for a particular legislation or establishment is the state government, there do exist variances between rules framed among state governments which the employers would need to navigate while setting up their human resource and payroll policies,” said Tarun Garg, partner-tax, Deloitte India.

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